導師的出生
The Birth of Master
慈光山僧團開山住持上聖下開導師,出生於1918年(民國七年)一月十八日中國貴州省仁懷縣的佛教家庭。家中有個清淨莊嚴的小佛堂,是祖母早晚燒香、禮佛、誦經、打坐的地方,在導師剛學會走路的那一兩年間,清早或下午只要聽到祖母佛堂的小木魚聲,就會安靜地守在佛堂,看著祖母的一舉一動,直到課誦完畢。
The founder abbot(註5) of Chi-kuang-shan
Sangha community(註4), venerable(註6)
Master Sheng-kei, was born in January 18, 1918, in a
Buddhist family located in Jen-hwai county of Kuei-chou
province. The family had a small family hall for Buddha
worship(註7), where his grandmother
used to burn joss sticks(註8)
to worship the Buddha every morning and evening and
to conduct sutra reciting(註9)
and meditation(註10). During the
first two years when the Young Master had just learned
how to walk, as long as he heard the sound of the Buddhist
wooden fish percussion(註11) instrument
in the morning or evening, he would always go to stay
in the hall(註12) quietly watching
grandma do the Buddhist work until she finished.
【解說】
1. 導師:可以用mentor n. 恩師,加上master成為mentor master或是guidance
master, 但是英語比較不作興用一大堆形容詞的,所以就簡單稱為Master,比較有親切感。單獨用mentor也可以,但比較偏向恩師的味道,而沒有導師、大師的味道。
2. 行誼,即「品行和道誼」,品行可用conduct n. 行為,舉動;或behavior n. ;behavior偏重於行為或動作,而conducts比較有行事、舉止的意思,此處比較合適;道誼有禮儀的意思,故用
manner n. 方式,態度,舉止,規矩。
3. 出家:become a monk,to forsake the world,to renounce
the world,值得注意的是英譯說是出離「世界」,而不是出「家」;以become a monk比較合適,而monk通用於其他宗教,所以改用become
a Buddhist monk。
4. 僧團:monastic community,梵文的英譯Sangha community;佛法僧三寶,有梵文可用,Buddha,
Dharma, Sangha;要交代得清楚一點可以在梵文之後加上英語「Buddha, Dharma (Doctrine),
Sangha (Order)」。
5. 開山住持:開山以founder n. 創立者,來表達;住持為abbot n. 男修道院院長,男住持;合起來則為founder
abbot,若只用founder應該也可以。
6. venerable a. 可尊敬的,一般放在master前面用來尊稱法師。
7. 佛堂:family hall for Buddha worship,家中禮佛的廳堂。
8. joss stick ,(中國祭祀用之)香。
9. recite vt, vi. 背誦,朗誦;誦經則為sutra reciting,名詞。
10. meditation n. 沉思,默想,冥想;打坐、靜坐的意思。
11. percussion n. 打,敲,衝擊,敲打樂器;instrument n.[C]. 儀器,器具,器械,工具,樂器。木魚:wooden
fish,但是若不加上percussion instrument打擊樂器,則會讓人看不懂甚麼意思。
12. He would always go to stay in the hall:英語的講法比較講求邏輯,當聽到木魚聲時,不管身在那裡,他總是會走到佛堂並留在那裡;若直接說「他總是留在佛堂He
would always stay in the hall」感覺比較奇怪。
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導師的祖父與外祖父,都是最虔誠的佛教徒。外祖父建「蓮花山妙華寺」,護持三寶,不遺餘力。祖父領導一方,創建「石叢山林隱寺」,此寺頗具規模,雕刻莊嚴,華麗堂皇,後來創辦「保和國民小學」,生性沉默穎悟的導師,自幼便於寺中的學校讀書,並跟隨祖父打坐、修行、拜佛。
Both the paternal(註2) and maternal(註1)
grandfather of Master was(註3)
devout(註4) Buddhist. His maternal
grandfather had built “Miao-hua Temple of Mountain Lotus”
and had spared no efforts(註7)
to protect and support(註5) the
Buddhist Three-Treasures(註6)
and propagate the Buddhism. While the paternal grandfather,
being a local leader in the region, had built(註8)
“Lin-yin temple of Mountain Shi-cong” which was quite
big in scale and carrying elegant carvings (註9)and
grand splendid appearance(註10).
His grandfather had even established(註11)
an elementary school (Bao-he Elementary School) to provide
education for the hometown. Being quiet and intelligent
in nature, Master had attended that school to receive
his education and at the same time had been following
his grandfather to learn the Buddha worship, meditation,
and practices(註12) of the Buddhist.
【解說】
1. maternal a. 母親的,母系的。maternal grandfather 即外祖父。
2. paternal a. 父親的,父系的。paternal grandfather祖父。此處因為與外祖父一起提起,才加上paternal,
若單獨使用時,用grandfather即可。
3. both A and B的動詞可用複數或單數,而Microsoft Word內建的文法檢查建議用單數,所以用了was。
4. devout a. 虔誠的,虔敬的,誠摯的。
5. protect vt. 保護and support vt. 支持,資助,擁護。 護持一詞的翻譯想過用其他字,最後還是直接翻譯成protect
and support 。
6. the Buddhist Three-treasures,三寶。佛教英語辭典的翻譯。
7. spare vt. vi. 省用,省掉;spare no efforts 不遺餘力。
8. build vt, vi, 建築,建造。過去式、過去分詞都是built。
9. elegant a. 雅致的,優美的,講究的。carving n. 雕刻,雕刻術,雕刻品。elegant
carvings是名詞,因此用carry(帶著,擁有)來和主詞連在一起,而因為前面的was, 所以用carrying。
10. splendid a. 燦爛的,壯麗的,輝煌的,有光彩的。appearance n. 外觀,容貌。用splendid
appearance來代表華麗堂皇,與elegant carvings用and連結,共用was carrying來與主詞連結。
11. establish vt. 建立,設立,創辦。建佛寺,用build來表示,創辦學校,則以establish來表示比較合適。
12. practice n. vt. vi. 實行,實踐,練習。佛法的修行,一般用practice來表示,以此英文字有練習、實踐的意思,更能表達修行的動作。可當名詞或動詞用,當名詞時,可用動詞conduct來搭當,轉成動詞。
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